Ceramics, Clay and Insulating Brick
Biomass Cooking Stoves Discussions 2003

Richard Boyt (May - September 2003)

Ceramics for Stoves Part 1- Finding Clay
Ceramics for Cookstoves 2: Testing Unfired (green) Clay Richard Boyt (May 2003)
Ceramics for Cookstoves 3A: Test firing local clays- primitive kilns May 2003
Ceramics for Cookstoves 3b: Test Firing Local Clays- Re-discovery of a "Natural" Kiln (June 2003)
Ceramic for Stoves 4- Drying Formed Clay Shapes (September 2003)
Ceramic for Stoves Part 5a- Making Samples for Testing

Roberto Escardo (May 2003)
Specific Thermal Resistance of Various Materials

Dale Andreatta (April 2003)

Heat loss from stoves: Thermal properties of insulative bricks Overall heat losses

Dean Still Aprovecho (Mar 2003)

Making Insulative Clay Combustion Chambers slide show
The Effect of Material Choice on the Combustion Chamber of a Rocket Cooking Stove: Adobe, Common Brick, Vernacular Insulative Ceramic, and Guatemalan Floor Tile (Baldosa) Dean Still and Brad van Appel January 1, 2002

Don O'Neal HELPS International (Feb 3 2003)
Making Baldosa (Tile) for HELPS Stoves in Guatemala
Damon Ogle Aprovecho Research Center (Jan 13 2003)
Using Pumice to Make Lightweight Ceramics in El Salvador Damon Ogle, March 31, 2003

MAKING LIGHT WEIGHT REFRACTORY CERAMIC FROM PERLITE AND CLAY (pdf) Damon Ogle Jan 13, 2003
Christa Roth and Christoph Messinger, Integrated Food Security Programme Mulanje, Malawi (2003)
How to Make a Portable Clay Stove IFPS Malawi/GTZ ProBEC (Hedon)
How to construct a kiln for clay stove firing Christa Roth, IFPS Malawi/GTZ ProBEC (February 2003)

Issues

January 2003

50% pumice	Surface Coating	Combustion Chamber Assembly	Cutting	HELPS Baldosa Assembly	Malawi Portable Clay Stove

Crispin Pemberton-Pigott

There is an urgent need to find out how to make fire grates from clay in places like Ethiopia, Malawi and Rwanda where absolute cost is an issue.
The easiest way to improve air quality and complete combustion is to provide preheated primary or secondary air the to the fire. Using clay/porcelain/ceramic materials would be best. There are some interesting things going on in ceramics. My son's ceramics instructor at Queen's U (Kingston Ont) had managed to make a ceramic material that was flexible like rubber. We want cheap, strong and thin and 'local' where possible.
I would love to have a ceramic fire grate that would go into our all metal cooking stoves.

Ron Larson

1. I talked with Damon Ogle at the Seattle meeting (Jan 2003) about a materials problem that I would love to see several people work on beside myself (I'm in because my wife is a potter). That is adding a "best" glaze to the light weight ceramic blocks that Damon and others have been preparing.. We discussed one that would be reflective - but it should also have the right strength and shrinkage properties so as to add to the overall strength of the brick. (And fuse at the right temperature.) There are certain coating materials in the solar collector business that are typically high absorptance and low emittance - we want just the opposite.

2. One can buy (at a pretty high price) refractory cements - that look like they might be manufacturable in developing countries - and offer nice patching and construction alternatives.

3. We have had differences of opinion on using hoods vs. chimneys. The former would only have to satisfy quite minimal temperatures - but need to be appreciably larger than chimneys. Perhaps there are some foil products that your class/student(s) could work on - with light frames.

4. On the other side is the chimney material problem. Maybe cast concrete? (over a wire mesh?) certain steels? ceramics? The key problem is cost (but lifetime has to be good as well). Can we do this out of used coca cola cans?

5. There has been a lot of discussion about the thermal flexing and durability of the plancha (top cooking surface). Getting a better handle on this would be a big help in Central America and Ethiopia - thickness, best material, ways to economically strengthen/support, etc. I wonder if there is a coating that would help? A composite material? (cost-prohibitive?)

Dean Still

The most important thing that we now need to do is to determine how to make best bricks (insulative, refractory, durable) from pumice and 15% clay. Can we make pumice bricks that are as good as the perlite bricks? Pumice changes color( to red)and shrinks around 900 to 950C or so. The bricks need to be fired lower than this so that the pumice remains full of air.

If you can find light weight pumice this would be valuable work with immediate applications in Central America. I hope that your students can make pumice bricks and compare them to perlite and sawdust bricks.

See: Rocket Stove Design Guide

Tom Miles
Do we have a listing of materials and their characteristics? Dean was using Thermal Ceramics TR 19
http://www.thermalceramics.com/products/PriceBook/17-140.pdf
for the prototypes he was demonstrating. I don't remember the thickness. How does that compare with the 50% pumice, 50% clay-organic or other materials? Can Rogerio, GTZ or others supply samples of materials they have fired for their stoves in mass production?

A question for the group: what about thermal cycling - would a test of accelerated aging of the ceramic or insulating materials be useful?